Dale Francisco: Proposition 19 Would Be a Legal Nightmare for California

Marijuana legalization initiative haunted by lack of clear definition, reliable tests

By | Published on 10.23.2010

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When California adopted the ballot initiative system in 1911, it was seen as a seldom-to-be-used tool allowing the people to correct gross legislative errors. Yet from the beginning it was used more than had been anticipated. In bumper crop years there have been as many as 20 propositions on the ballot. Initiatives have become not a remedy for bad legislation, but a substitute for legislation itself.

Dale Francisco
Dale Francisco

The worst initiatives are those that promote narrow interests, often for financial gain, and that do so using language simultaneously vague and complex, guaranteeing years of expensive litigation and legal uncertainty. Proposition 19 on the Nov. 2 ballot is an example of just such a bad initiative.

Most people know that Prop. 19 would legalize possession and use of marijuana — which is true. But it goes far beyond that through extensive changes to California’s Health and Safety Code. Should the initiative pass, we might not know the full ramifications of these changes for years.

Proposition 19, the so-called Regulate, Control and Tax Cannabis Act of 2010 was conceived by Oakland dispensary owner and marijuana evangelist Richard Lee. After the chaos created by an earlier poorly written initiative, Proposition 215 (the Compassion Use Act of 1996), Prop. 19 is being sold to voters largely on grounds that it will finally control the drug trade.

But despite the claim in its introduction that Prop. 19 will “implement a legal regulatory framework to give California more control over the cultivation, processing, transportation, distribution, and sales of cannabis,” and “allow the Legislature to adopt a statewide regulatory system for a commercial cannabis industry,” the initiative’s actual language gives unspecified regulatory powers solely to cities and counties. How many cities and counties have the resources to regulate the marijuana trade?

Imagine if the city of Santa Barbara were responsible, for instance, for regulating every aspect of the beer business, from the grain fields to the retail shelf. Only the state has the resources to regulate such a massive industry.

Another selling point for Proposition 19 is the supposed state tax revenues it would generate. The section on taxation in Prop. 19 is essentially meaningless. Cities and counties are supposedly “allowed” to “impose” taxes related to marijuana sales. (No mention is made of state taxes.) But in California, since Proposition 218 was approved by voters in 1996, no taxes can be imposed without a vote of the people. Thus the claim that Prop. 19 would rescue California from its budget crisis is pure speculation.

These so-called regulation and taxation provisions would create a confusing patchwork of laws that would leave the marijuana trade essentially unregulated, while discouraging the entry of corporations that rely on uniform laws and economies of scale. Thus, Prop. 19 could help dispensary owners keep a lock on their lucrative businesses — and that may in fact be its main purpose.

Proposition 19 also does damage to employment law. Employers currently can dismiss employees who use alcohol or drugs on the job. But Prop. 19 would give special protection to marijuana users. According to Proposition 19, employers may not “discriminate” against employees who use marijuana before work or on a break unless that use “actually impairs job performance” — a standard that will be difficult to meet in the absence of legal definitions of marijuana intoxication and impairment.

Which leads to one of Prop. 19’s biggest problems: the lack of a clear definition and reliable tests for marijuana intoxication.

When a police officer stops a motorist for reckless driving, if he suspects the driver has been drinking, a breathalyzer test will give an accurate approximation of the driver’s blood-alcohol level. If that level is above 0.08 percent, the driver is legally presumed impaired.

No similar tests or definitions exist for marijuana. If a police officer suspects a driver is under the influence of marijuana or other drugs, he must administer field sobriety tests and observe certain physiological signs, as part of a standard procedure called the Drug Recognition Evaluation. Not all officers are trained and experienced in this procedure, and not all district attorneys are familiar enough with it to make a convincing prosecution. Prop. 19 would greatly increase the number of intoxicated drivers on the road, without giving law enforcement the tools needed to protect the public.

Some argue that legalizing marijuana will have beneficial effects similar to the lifting of Prohibition in 1933 — reducing organized crime and creating a safer, standardized product. But the repeal of Prohibition simply returned to the status quo ante of centuries of accumulated law and custom concerning alcohol.

By contrast, Proposition 19 is a leap into legal chaos. This complex topic requires careful legislation, not reckless ballot initiatives — especially not one put forward by a major beneficiary of the initiative. Please vote No on Proposition 19.

Dale Francisco is a Santa Barbara city councilman.

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» on 10.24.10 @ 08:13 AM

Incisive and well researched comments from Dal Francisco.  Now,Dale, go do the same in-depth study of why Measure T was not settled in over a year of Ordinance Committee Meetings, City Council Meetings and Planning Commission Meetings.  Give me some good reasons why a local “initiative” had to go on the ballot! Fiscal accountability?  I think not! What did all the time spent on arriving at Measure T cost the taxpayer when it should have been settled from the inception of such dispute on the Medical Marijuana and outrage from the public? “All Politics is Local!”

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» on 10.24.10 @ 09:24 AM

“When California adopted the ballot initiative system in 1911, it was seen as a seldom-to-be-used tool allowing the people to correct gross legislative errors.”

This is why I will be voting YES on Prop. 19.  The politicians will NEVER address the irrational laws that permit adult users of marijuana to be jailed for engaging in an activity that is basically harmless.

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» on 10.24.10 @ 03:26 PM

Francisco’s on a roll again. He consistently misrepresented the law and California case law during the Marijuana dispensary city council discussions, and he’s still at it. Noozhawk is not showing responsibilty to Santa Barbara voters by publishing his false statements - he’s not credibile based on his past statements.
Proposition 218 was passed in 1996 and requires a vote to increase PROPERTY TAXES.
There is no law that requires a vote of the people to impose a local tax on cannabis sales.
Prop 19 has no connection to Prop 215 or SB420.
PROP 19 HAS NO EFFECT ON MEDICAL MARIJUANA DISPENSARIES and has no effect on any part of medical marijuana law.
It’s extremely unethical for the media to publish misleading statements about ballot issues.
Intoxicated driving: Breathalyzer tests (PAS - preliminary alcohol screening, aren’t accurate and aren’t required by law (VC 23612)(h). Blood or saliva tests show recent ingestion of cannabis. 
Reckless driving VC 23103, and driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs are different violations. Driving under the influence is VC 23152 (a) or (b) blood alcohol over .08%. Only VC 23152(a) is relevant to driving under the influence of cannabis, and requires evaluation by a Drug Recognition Evaluator, not just any law enforcement officer. Violation of the law requires that a driver be either “under the influence” of a controlled substance, or rendered “incapable of driving safely” . Laws vary among states: Minnesota law excludes marijuana and cannabis from DUI legislation.
A 1992 US NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION REVIEW OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS FOUND,“THC-ONLY DRIVERS (THOSE WITH DETECTABLE LEVELS OF THC IN THEIR BLOOD)HAD A RESPONSIBILITY RATE (FOR CAUSING THE ACCIDENT)BELOW THAT OF DRUG-FREE DRIVERS.
A 2004 scientific review of driver impairment and motor vehicle crashes suggested that “recent cannabis use may increase crash risk, whereas, past use of cannabis as determined by the presence of THC-COOH in drivers does not (Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2004: 109-119).
The odds ratio for THC concentrations of 5 ng/ml or higher [are] similar to those drivers with a BAC of at least 0.15%(Drummer et al), although there isn’t a good baseline because drivers who test positive for cannabis and alcohol outnumber those using only cannabis by around 20:1.
The primary reason that opponents of medical marijuana, medical marijuana dispensaries and Prop 19 have any credibility is that the media promotes their false statements and validates their lies.

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» on 10.24.10 @ 04:34 PM

It’s true that Prop 218 affects only fees related to property and probably would not affect whatever fees local municipalities might impose on marijuana. See this overview of 218 for more info on that measure: http://www.lao.ca.gov/handouts/proposition218_handout.html

However, I voted against 19, after initially favoring it because it remains the firm law of the land that marijuana is illegal under federal law. Federal law trumps state law in this instance and for one state to legalize a drug invites federal intervention. In fact, AG Holder recently said that they intend to uphold federal law if 19 should pass. Like so many initiatives, there would be years of expensive court battles.

I did also vote No on T because I think legislating should be done by the Council and not by a council-placed ballot measure. Seems to me that medical marijuana should be available and three dispensaries/collectives in Santa Barbara is a sufficient number.

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» on 10.24.10 @ 05:49 PM

14noscams,

Anyone can cherry-pick reports, quotes, or anything else they want to.  My question for you is, what makes your arguments any better than his?

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» on 10.24.10 @ 07:54 PM

LookingWest I didn’t have to read beyond the double-talk and obfuscation to realize you would vote against Prop 19 and for Measure T - this is thinking that’s a prerequisite for opposition to any legislation that recognizes the fact that cannabis use is mainstream and has negligible negative effects on society relative to legal pharmaceuticals as well as recreational drugs, as well as numerous medical uses not replicated by licensed pharmaceuticals.
I don’t post anything without referencing government websites - your assumption that I didn’t is an additional indication that you oppose any legal measure recognizing behavior of the majority of the population. Opponents of Prop 19 and local residents who support Measure T make statements that are close to unanimously false, lack references, quote lies made by local elected officials, misrepresent statistics, quote research with no statistical significance,and use slanderous and libelous stereotypes.
Proposition 218 says that new property taxes need a vote of the electorate. It also says that the local electorate can vote to appeal local taxes. Local taxes provide local income - in the case of Prop 19, this income will only be available for use related to Prop 19, including substance abuse treatment. Francisco’s statement is false. Prop 218 doesn’t speak to imposition of a tax on marijuana sales.
The city council voted on a medical marijuana dispensary ordinance realizing that Francisco had lied about the history of Prop 215 - the intent of the authors of the initiative, the text of the law that voters passed, the population the authors intended to access cannabis for medical purposes, and the case law establishing dispensaries and retail sales as legal. The reasoning, as reported in the Independent and personally by council members, was to avoid a conservative backlash (my words) in the next city council election, by kind of “throwing a bone” to the right wing at the expense of sick people.
I’m pretty sure most people in Santa Barbara who are planning to vote for Measure T believe that they’re voting against the legal right of medical marijuana patients to obtain medicine, rather than in favor of having unregulated residential coops cultivating 1000 square feet of marijuana near their homes (maximum 10 members), or having cannabis delivery vehicles driving through their neighborhoods.
Eric Holder announced on October 19 that medical marijuana activities complying with state law aren’t a priority, and his statements regarding prop 19 are considered political posturing.
This isn’t really a marijuana issue. It’s an issue that addresses long-term expense that requires the sacrifice of education and health care, etc, and HAS NO EFFECT - DRUG LAWS DON’T WORK, REGARDLESS OF HOW MANY TRILLIONS OF DOLLARS WE WASTE AND HOW MANY LIVES WE DESTROY. Government statistics demonstrate this.
Francisco mentions “the repeal of alcohol prohibition returned to the status quo ante of centuries of accumulated law and custom concerning alcohol” - cannabis has been used for around 5000 years and has been illegal since 1937 - his argument makes a great case for repealing cannabis prohibition.

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» on 10.24.10 @ 07:58 PM

Mine are true.

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» on 10.24.10 @ 08:11 PM

Socaljay Vague accusations are really cheap. If there are any reports or quotes in my post, why don’t you mention them.
It’s an ethical difference. Lying doesn’t work for me.

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» on 10.24.10 @ 08:30 PM

How much money would be saved by not flooding our judicial system with petty drug crimes, oh yeah your friends the judges and lawyers pockets are lined that way.  Our country is still being brain washed by the racisit, ignorent thinking of the 1930’s.  Why is this such a biased article, there are positives to legalization.  People in america it’s time to wake up and start thinking for yourselves. We have people representing us that we pay six figure salaries out of our pockets. You really think they know what’s best for us.  We have the technology to represent ourselves. Let the people vote not the rich who only care about their ideals.
http://www.drugwarrant.com/articles/why-is-marijuana-illegal/
This is the story of why marijuana was made illegal, do research and most importantly THINK FOR YOURSELVES.

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» on 10.24.10 @ 09:16 PM

As we reach November 2, 2010 a lot of media sources are now coming out of woodwork with articles and polls showing little support for proposition 19 when in fact most average people you talk to are all for it. People need to look at the real facts and become informed properly. People saying this legislation is flawed had plenty of time to come up with a better version.

Here are some interesting facts….

How marijuana became illegal.William Robert Hearst and the Dupont company needed hemp to be illegal or it would ruin their paper and plastics industry.Andrew Mellon became Hoover’s Secretary of the Treasury and Dupont’s primary investor. He appointed his future nephew-in-law, Harry J. Anslinger, to head the Federal Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs.

Marijuana is considered a schedule 1 drug. The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse.The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision

How can it be of no medical value when 14 states have made it an acceptable medically prescribed substance? There is tons of research that marijuana is in fact the best medical substance for numerous ailments but do you think the pharmaceutical companies want you getting something you can grow or buying something from them?

There is just far too much information to even list as to the reason why proposition 19 needs to pass. Become informed people.

and in the words of the great Abraham Lincoln…. “A Prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded.”

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» on 10.25.10 @ 12:29 AM

Mr. Francisco states that one of the biggest problems will be lack of reliable testing….Let me get this straight. Because science has yet to invent a more accurate way to determine whether or not someone is impaired, we should disallow a particular freedom? I should surrender my right to my reasonable pursuit of happiness because the powers that be are unable to determine IF I abuse MY RIGHTS? How about this. If a more reliable test is needed someone needs to invent one? Put the burden of proof where it belongs.

The author also seems to have issue with a system in which, if you do not like or have a need or no need for a particular law you simply take a vote and resolve the issue? Sounds like a completely sane solution to me.

If a majority of voters wish to make a change and cannot get their Govt. to address the issue, then what other avenue would you have the People choose? Certainly no loyal American can deny that a fair vote to make change is the proper way to do things? 

American’s have tried for decades to get the Fed. Gov. to simply look at the available evidence. No, I’m sure that anyone in California who benefits from medical cannabis would be out of luck if it were not for propositions like this one.
STOP THE MADNESS
VOTE YES on 19 and CHANGE THE WORLD

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» on 10.25.10 @ 10:58 AM

uhhh, 14noscams, whatever research you did, as you claim, you didn’t read mine even slightly carefully: I wrote that I voted No on T. No obfuscation there. Or anywhere in mine, unlike the Measure 19 or, for that matter, yours. (Btw, I was agreeing that Prop. 218 was only related to property taxes - and provided the url for others.)

If 19 provided for state taxation (rather than local control) I’d be more interested. However, marijuana would remain illegal under federal law no matter how many voters in California would favor legalizing it. Similarly, should California voters vote to legalize (and tax) heroin, it would continue to be illegal under federal law. That’s my issue with Prop. 19, the mess of a proposition that it is. And that’s why, after being initially interested, I voted NO on 19.

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» on 10.25.10 @ 01:57 PM

I view this proposition as a wrong trying to better a wrong and two wrongs have never made a right.  While legalization of marijuana may be inevitable and may even be the right thing to do in the long run, this law is not the right law to do it.

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» on 10.25.10 @ 02:03 PM

“it would continue to be illegal under federal law. That’s my issue with Prop. 19, the mess of a proposition that it is. And that’s why, after being initially interested, I voted NO on 19.” .What better reason to not try…

One thing is ABSOLUTELY CERTAIN, We The People have been waiting for 3/4 of a century for the Federal Gov. to take a fair and honest approach toward the use of cannabis. To this day it is still improperly listed as a schedule 1 drug. No matter how many MDs tell us that it is OK to use, those who pretend to know better, for our own good I’m sure…......

*as a side note, for those who would choose Marinol. Get ready to step up to the tune of $20.00 plus PER capsule without insurance to pay (they don’t like to aparently )

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» on 10.25.10 @ 04:27 PM

For those of you who think that we need to wait for a perfect law to come down the pike, I’ve got news for you: this is the only law that’s going to stop putting people in jail for a non-crime any time soon.  Do some research and discover that the most harmful effect of using marijuana is getting busted.  A drug rap to follow you around for the rest of your life, ruining opportunities for things like college financial aid and jobs.  Plus billions of tax dollars wasted on enforcement of unenforceable laws resulting in a soaring prison population, police corruption, and the creation of millions of citizen scofflaws.

The politicians will NEVER move on this.  For forty years they’ve classified marijuana as a Schedule 1 drug, despite overwhelming evidence that it does have medical value, that it has a low potential for abuse, and that it cannot be taken in a large enough dose to cause death.

While you vote NO and wait for the perfect law, how many lives will be ruined?

Vote YES on 19, and send the correct message to our public servants, one that they will have to notice.

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» on 10.25.10 @ 05:15 PM

So, what I’m hearing is that most people in California are all in favor of one more way to legally escape reality?  I don’t think so. 

A recent poll shows that most people (51% to 39%) are against legalization of marijuana.  I for one join the majority in this.  For those who say it’s harmless, I say hogwash to you. 

I am very familiar with it’s impact on families and lives, and challenge the rhetoric that accompanies this campaign to legalize it’s use.  As if we didn’t have enough problems to deal with already without adding more.

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» on 10.25.10 @ 05:30 PM

» 14noscams on 10.24.10 @ 08:11 PM

Socaljay Vague accusations are really cheap. If there are any reports or quotes in my post, why don’t you mention them.
It’s an ethical difference. Lying doesn’t work for me.

14noscams,

I didn’t make any vague accusations, I asked a simple question. 

I would surmise from the article that Dale is against Prop 19.  I would also surmise from your attacks on him that you don’t like him, and that you support Prop 19.  I asked a simple question to determine who was making the better argument, since anyone can wordsmith anything to further their own particular position.

Your subsequent posts, albeit, not the one I posted above, clarified your support of Prop 19.  I have already made my position clear in a previous post, and it has absolutely nothing to do with Eric Holder’s position on anything.  It comes from a lifetime of personal experience.  You see, I don’t need the opinions of others to support my decision about something, unlike those who apparently do.

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» on 10.25.10 @ 11:32 PM

Marijuana makes it hard to do basic math. And if you can’t do simple math you can’t do most jobs… I have nothing against people taking an after-work toke… or cocktail or hike. That’s their business. I know MJ’s anti-nausea effects work for cancer patients… I’ve seen it. BUT… being high in school or on the job is a disaster waiting to happen. Condoning MJ use without clarification sends the wrong message to impressionable kids. Whose brains are still forming, we hope.

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» on 10.27.10 @ 12:22 PM

Dale,
Please, just shut up and get out of the way of marijuana.
Thank you.

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» on 10.27.10 @ 01:40 PM

LookingWest
“Prop 218 affects only fees related to property and probably would not affect whatever fees local municipalities might impose on marijuana”
Prop 218 has nothing to do with tax on marijuana.
No probably.
There have been court decisions defending the 10th amendment in the last year. Imposition of a local tax seems like a much clearer 10th amendment issue than seen in previous court cases in which federal control of interstate commerce was used as a basis for federal jurisdiction.
I care much more about honesty in discussing these issues than agreement, and tend to overreact to blatant attempts to fool people, which you haven’t done at all, but DF has. Prop 19 is a lousy law, and is already in affect,in any case. I don’t think it would affect the number of cannabis users, but if passed, it might decrease the “reefer madness” paranoia that does nothing but distract people from important issues.
Good October 19 CNN Money article on decreased law enforcement costs under Prop 19.
Francisco once again shows contempt for SB voters by misstating the law.

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» on 10.28.10 @ 03:50 PM

Now we all know that this medical argument is total bull****. But those that push it don’t have the honesty to say it. Until now. As usual the loons always trip themselves up if you just wait long enough. For proof: “San Fran pot shop offers free joints for each Giant home run”. Nuf said.  Now let’s reject these propositions.

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» on 10.28.10 @ 09:44 PM

Daniel Petry:
Than you for validating your statement that the loons always trip themselves up. GlaxoSmithKline, the pharmaceutical company who sells Advair, an asthma medication, gives out $50 coupons to patients with a prescription. Advair costs around $150 - $200/month. This isn’t charity, it’s advertising, identical to that of many dentists, dental implant clinics and MD’s, including plastic surgeons, chiropractors, cosmetic surgeons, surgeons specializing in joint replacement,infertility clinics, and those treating male impotence. This purpose of this type of advertising is to increase sales and name recognition, and offers such as “available only to the first X number of respondents” are fairly common.
Every attorney, MD, dentist, etc., who advertises in the yellow pages with their photo is trying to sell us something unrelated to the service they provide, and advertising jingles, cutesies like Taco Bell’s chihuahua and the ubiquitous gecko, are aimed at programming a company’s name in the brains of the public to increase income.
If medical marijuana providers use culturally accepted advertising gimics they’re no different from hundreds of thousands of AMA or ADA licensed providers who compete for patients. I haven’t noticed that the general population has determined that anyone with MD or DDS after their name is discredited by these ads.
There’s a major semantics issue that opponents of medical marijuana exploit as a means of invalidating the use of cannabis for medical purposes. The law - Prop 215 and SB420 use the term “serious” to describe qualifying medical conditions. Conditions such as severe arthritis that can make it impossible to turn a doorknob, write legibly, or hold a fork, are examples of medical conditions that prevent a person from performing normal tasks involved in daily life. Migraine headaches are another. These aren’t life-threatening illnesses and they don’t progress to cause death, but they sure keep people from living normally, and if you have one that’s improved more by the use of cannabis than by licensed pharmaceuticals, you’d have to be a loon not to use it if you’re goal is to be a functioning person in society. If you have chronic migraines, you might ride a skateboard to get this medicine while you were free of symptoms.
If medical marijuana is bull****, as you say, why are dispensary owners (who must be drug dealers, by your definition)willing to make their identity public, willing to pay enormous amounts of money to rent storefront property, pay for insurance, permit fees, security guards, safes, video monitors, taxes, etc., etc., deal with police who confiscate their legal property in spite of the law, deal with dishonest,ignorant bigots and character assassination by all factions whose income is dependent on arrests for crimes involving cannabis? If these people are drug dealers, they’re good at it, or they would have a criminal record preventing them from operating a dispensary.
So, Daniel Petry, (not a loon?), give us the word - we’re waiting.

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» on 10.28.10 @ 10:12 PM

You just proved my point. But I’m happy that you spent so much time on what you obviously thought was witty and presient. So….

Now we all know that this medical argument is total BS. But those that push it don’t have the honesty to say it. Until now. As usual the loons always trip themselves up if you just wait long enough. For proof: “San Fran pot shop offers free joints for each Giant home run”. Nuf said.  Now let’s reject these propositions.

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